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Related Concept Videos

Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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Nephrons01:10

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Translation01:31

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Circular RNA in renal diseases.

Juan Jin1, Haolu Sun1, Chao Shi2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|April 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are newly discovered non-coding RNAs implicated in kidney disease pathogenesis. This review explores circRNA functions and their potential as novel biomarkers for renal diseases.

Keywords:
biomarkercircRNAexosomefibrosisrenal disease

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with emerging roles in cellular processes.
  • Growing evidence links circRNAs to the pathogenesis of various renal diseases, including cancer and nephropathy.
  • circRNAs have been detected in kidney-secreted exosomes, suggesting their involvement in kidney function and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the identification, biogenesis, degradation, and functions of circRNAs.
  • To evaluate the current understanding of circRNA roles in the pathology of renal diseases.
  • To highlight the potential of circRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for kidney diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on circRNA expression and function in renal diseases.
  • Analysis of research on circRNA regulation of gene expression and cellular pathways.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding circRNAs in conditions like renal cell carcinoma, acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, and lupus nephritis.

Main Results:

  • circRNAs regulate key cellular processes relevant to renal disease, including programmed cell death, invasion, and metastasis.
  • circRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring renal diseases.
  • circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple kidney disorders, acting as gene expression regulators.

Conclusions:

  • circRNAs play significant roles in the molecular mechanisms underlying renal diseases.
  • circulating circRNAs show promise as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and management of kidney diseases.
  • Further research into circRNA biology is crucial for understanding and treating renal pathologies.