Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

50.9K
Overview
50.9K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

871
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
871
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

14.7K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
14.7K
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

9.7K
Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
9.7K
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

836
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
836
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.6K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Value of Public Inquiries, Ethical Accountability, and Patient Voices: Reflections on the Infected Blood Inquiry.

Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia·2026
Same author

Human stem cell-based embryo models: innovation, ethics, and policy.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Fifty years of the Congenital Disabilities (Civil Liability) Act 1976: A spent statute?

Medical law review·2026
Same author

What's in a name? Abbasi and Another v Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Haastrup v King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust [2025] UKSC 15.

Medical law review·2026
Same author

Legal decisions on longstanding severe eating disorders.

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science·2025
Same author

Advocating distinct regulatory paths for embryos and embryo-like structures.

Journal of law and the biosciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.7K

Voluntary vaccination: the pandemic effect.

Emma Cave1

  • 1Durham University.

Legal Studies (Society of Legal Scholars)
|April 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Voluntary vaccination policies face challenges due to global pandemic risks and children's right to preventive medicine. Compulsory vaccination may be necessary, requiring a reassessment of public health laws for a proportionate approach.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

11.1K
Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.7K
Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

11.1K
Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health Law
  • Epidemiology
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Current voluntary vaccination policies in England and Wales have questionable justification.
  • Globalisation necessitates robust pandemic preparedness, including vaccination strategies.
  • Children's right to preventive medicine challenges the right to refuse vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the legal and ethical arguments surrounding voluntary versus compulsory vaccination.
  • To explore international approaches to vaccination mandates and persuasion tactics.
  • To advocate for a reassessment of necessity and proportionality in public health law regarding vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of vaccination policies and legal frameworks in Europe, the USA, and Australia.
  • Review of ethical considerations related to parental rights, children's rights, and public health responsibilities.
  • Examination of arguments for compulsory vaccination in severe pandemic scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Voluntary vaccination policies are based on weak foundations.
  • Global health security and children's rights necessitate a re-evaluation of vaccination policies.
  • Existing legal frameworks may not adequately address the complexities of compulsory vaccination.

Conclusions:

  • A graduated and proportionate approach to compulsory vaccination is urgently needed.
  • National public health law must be updated to reflect the principles of necessity and proportionality in vaccination policy.
  • International comparisons highlight diverse strategies for implementing vaccination mandates.