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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

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A Volume-Corrected Wenzel Model.

Michael S Bell1,2, Ali Borhan3

  • 1Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.

ACS Omega
|April 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Wenzel model for rough surface wetting is improved by accounting for liquid volume in asperities. This volume-corrected model predicts smaller contact angles, aligning better with experimental and simulation data.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science and Physical Chemistry
  • Thermodynamics of Wetting Phenomena

Background:

  • The Wenzel model is widely used for predicting equilibrium contact angles (CA) on rough surfaces.
  • It neglects the contribution of liquid volume stored within surface asperities.
  • Discrepancies between Wenzel model predictions and experimental/simulation results are often attributed to this neglected volume.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a thermodynamic model for wetting on periodically patterned surfaces.
  • To derive a volume-corrected Wenzel equation accounting for liquid volume in asperities.
  • To compare the corrected model's predictions with existing experimental and molecular dynamics data.

Main Methods:

  • Application of a thermodynamic model to periodically patterned surfaces.
  • Derivation of a volume-corrected Wenzel equation in the limit of small pattern wavelength.
  • Analysis of the impact of liquid volume within asperities on equilibrium contact angle.

Main Results:

  • The corrected equilibrium contact angle is predicted to be smaller than that from the standard Wenzel equation.
  • The reduction in contact angle can be significant when the asperity liquid volume is substantial relative to the total droplet volume.
  • The volume-corrected model shows good agreement with experimental observations and molecular dynamics simulations.

Conclusions:

  • Accounting for liquid volume within surface asperities is crucial for accurate contact angle prediction.
  • The derived volume-corrected Wenzel equation offers improved accuracy for wetting phenomena on rough surfaces.
  • This model reconciles theoretical predictions with experimental and simulation findings.