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van der Waals Universality near a Quantum Tricritical Point
P M A Mestrom1, V E Colussi1, T Secker1
1Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
Physical Review Letters
|April 28, 2020
Summary
We discovered universal behavior in the three-body scattering of weakly interacting atoms. This finding allows for precise predictions regarding Bose-Einstein condensates near quantum tricritical points and quantum droplets.
Area of Science:
- Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
- Quantum Many-Body Systems
Background:
- Understanding few-body interactions is crucial for quantum systems.
- The interplay between short-range scattering and long-range van der Waals forces influences atomic behavior.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the three-body scattering hypervolume (D) for atoms with scattering length (a) comparable to the van der Waals range (r_vdW).
- To identify universal properties in the weakly interacting regime and their implications for quantum systems.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the three-body scattering hypervolume (D).
- Focus on the regime where |a|/r_vdW ≲ 1, in the absence of trimer resonances.
- Modeling elastic three-body scattering dominated by hard-sphere-like collisions.
Main Results:
- The real part of the three-body scattering hypervolume (D) exhibits universal behavior in the weakly interacting regime.
- This universality stems from hard-sphere-like collisions governing elastic scattering.
- Quantitative predictions are made for Bose-Einstein condensates near quantum tricritical points.
Conclusions:
- Universal scattering properties simplify the description of weakly interacting atomic systems.
- The findings enable accurate predictions for the thermodynamics and excitations of Bose-Einstein condensates.
- Effective three-body interactions are key for understanding quantum droplet stabilization.
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