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Introduction to Learning

Introduction to Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...

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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Preparation of Mica Supported Lipid Bilayers for High Resolution Optical Microscopy Imaging

Preparation of Mica Supported Lipid Bilayers for High Resolution Optical Microscopy Imaging

Published on: June 7, 2014

MICA: A Learning Curve.

Ezequiel Palmanovich¹, Nissim Ohana², Ran Atzmon³

¹Assistant Professor and Director of the Foot and Ankle Service at Meir Medical Center, Orthopedic Department, Sapir Medical Center, Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba, Israel, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons

|April 29, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mastering minimally invasive bunion surgery, specifically the Chevron and Akin osteotomy, requires approximately 27 procedures for a surgeon to achieve proficiency. This learning curve significantly reduces surgery time and radiation exposure.

Keywords:

Chevron and Akin (MICA)bunion surgery hallux valgus learning curve minimally invasive osteotomy

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Minimally invasive bunion surgery techniques are gaining popularity.
The learning curve for these advanced procedures remains largely undescribed.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the learning curve for minimally invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomy.
To establish benchmarks for surgical proficiency in this technique.

Main Methods:

A single foot and ankle surgeon performed 50 minimally invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomies over three years (2016-2018).
Surgery duration and intraoperative fluoroscopy (X-ray) exposure were meticulously documented and analyzed.

Main Results:

Surgical duration decreased from over 2 hours initially to an average of 45 minutes by the third year.
The learning curve for surgery duration plateaued around the 21st patient.
Intraoperative fluoroscopy use significantly decreased, with the learning curve plateauing by the 27th surgery.

Conclusions:

An inexperienced surgeon requires approximately 27 procedures to master the minimally invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomy.
Proficiency in this minimally invasive bunion surgery leads to significant reductions in operative time and radiation exposure.