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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Diagnostic algorithm for HFpEF: how much is the recent consensus applicable in clinical practice?

Marijana Tadic1, Cesare Cuspidi2,3, Francesca Calicchio4

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University Hospital "Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje", Heroja Milana Tepica 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia. marijana_tadic@hotmail.com.

Heart Failure Reviews
|April 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is challenging due to a lack of consensus. A new scoring system using echocardiography and biomarkers shows promise but requires further validation for clinical use.

Keywords:
Cardiac catheterizationDiastolic stress testHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing clinical concern with significant mortality.
  • Current diagnostic algorithms for HFpEF lack universal agreement, complicating clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on HFpEF diagnosis.
  • To critically evaluate a recent consensus diagnostic algorithm for HFpEF, including its strengths and weaknesses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on HFpEF diagnosis.
  • Analysis of a recently proposed consensus scoring system for HFpEF incorporating echocardiography and biomarkers.
  • Comparison of non-invasive (echocardiographic) and invasive (cardiac catheterization) methods.

Main Results:

  • Echocardiographic diastolic stress testing offers valuable parameters correlating with invasive measures.
  • A new scoring system integrates functional, structural, and biomarker data for HFpEF evaluation.
  • The proposed system introduces novel parameters and cutoff values, some lacking prior validation.

Conclusions:

  • The new HFpEF scoring system presents potential but requires validation of its novel cutoff values.
  • Clinical implementation faces challenges regarding patient referral and the equalization of non-invasive and invasive testing.
  • Further research is needed to refine and validate the diagnostic approach for HFpEF.