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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples
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Genomic analysis and comparative multiple sequences of SARS-CoV2.

Tai-Jay Chang1,2, De-Ming Yang3,4,5, Mong-Lien Wang6,7

  • 1Laboratory of Genome Research, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

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Genomic analysis of 10 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) sequences revealed minimal amino acid differences, with two variations in the spike protein and potential SNPs in ORF regions, aiding pandemic control strategies.

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Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), later identified as SARS-CoV2, caused a global pandemic originating from Wuhan, China.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV2 genome selection and packaging is crucial for developing effective antiviral strategies.
  • Genomic analysis provides insights into the origin and evolution of the virus, aiding in pandemic control efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the genomic patterns of SARS-CoV2 to understand disease origin and evolution.
  • To identify genetic variations within SARS-CoV2 sequences from different countries.
  • To contribute to the development of new pandemic control processes.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic analysis of 10 SARS-CoV2 sequences obtained from GenBank.
  • Comparative multiple sequence alignment using Clustalw web service.
  • Identification of amino acid variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found in the amino acid sequences of M and N proteins across the analyzed SARS-CoV2 genomes.
  • Two amino acid variations were identified in the spike (S) protein region, with one mutation confirmed in the South Korean sequence.
  • Two potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), designated 'L' and 'S', were detected in the ORF1ab and ORF8 regions.

Conclusions:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of SARS-CoV2 sequences reveals subtle genetic variations.
  • Understanding these genomic patterns and biological symptoms is key to comprehending the pandemic's origin.
  • Further research into viral genomics can inform strategies for managing and controlling viral pandemics.