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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Genomics
    • Bioinformatics

    Background:

    • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial noncoding RNAs in cellular functions and diseases.
    • Previous research identified cancer-related viral circRNAs in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, but a comprehensive study was lacking.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically survey and computationally predict viral circRNAs across diverse viral species.
    • To characterize the sequence features, expression patterns, and potential functions of viral circRNAs.
    • To establish the first comprehensive database of viral circRNAs.

    Main Methods:

    • Computational prediction of circRNAs from RNA sequencing data of 23 viral species.
    • Analysis of sequence features, including flanking repeat sequences.
    • Functional enrichment analysis using KEGG pathways.
    • Database construction and curation (VirusCircBase).

    Main Results:

    • Identified 11,924 circRNAs from 23 viral species, including single-stranded RNA and retro-transcribing viruses.
    • Observed reverse complementary or repeated sequences at back-splice sites in most viral circRNAs.
    • Found that viral circRNAs are often species- and tissue-specific.
    • Detected enrichment in cancer-associated KEGG pathways for circRNAs from dsDNA viruses.

    Conclusions:

    • Viral circRNAs are prevalent across various virus types, not limited to dsDNA viruses.
    • Viral circRNAs possess distinct sequence characteristics and specific expression patterns.
    • The identified viral circRNAs, particularly from dsDNA viruses, are implicated in cancer-related pathways.
    • VirusCircBase provides a foundational resource for future research on viral circRNAs and public health implications.