Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.2K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.2K
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.5K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
2.5K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.7K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.7K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

3.0K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
3.0K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.8K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.8K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.4K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

3D Anderson localization of classical scalar waves.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Silver Nanoshells with Optimized Infrared Optical Response: Synthesis for Thin-Shell Formation, and Optical/Thermal Properties after Embedding in Polymeric Films.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Elaboration of soft porous ultrasound insulators.

RSC advances·2022
Same author

Microfluidic Evaporation, Pervaporation, and Osmosis: From Passive Pumping to Solute Concentration.

Chemical reviews·2021
Same author

Multiphase Microreactors Based on Liquid-Liquid and Gas-Liquid Dispersions Stabilized by Colloidal Catalytic Particles.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2021
Same author

Patterning Highly Conducting Conjugated Polymer Electrodes for Soft and Flexible Microelectrochemical Devices.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.9K

A Sacrificial Route for Soft Porous Polymers Synthesized via Frontal Photo-Polymerization.

Alexandre Turani-I-Belloto1, Thomas Brunet2, Alexandre Khaldi1,3

  • 1Laboratory of the Future (CNRS/SOLVAY), University of Bordeaux, 178 avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac France.

Polymers
|May 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed soft porous polymers with controlled porosity using mineral particles in aqueous formulations. The particle amount dictates final porosity, enabling diverse material shapes for various applications.

Keywords:
hydrogelsmicrofluidicsphoto-polymerizationporous polymerssacrificial particles

More Related Videos

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
10:22

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Published on: November 30, 2020

3.8K
High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
14:37

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

Published on: July 6, 2012

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

13.9K
Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
10:22

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Published on: November 30, 2020

3.8K
High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
14:37

High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

Published on: July 6, 2012

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Porous polymers offer diverse applications.
  • Designing soft polymers with controlled porosity remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for creating soft porous polymers with tunable porosity.
  • To explore the influence of sacrificial particles on pore structure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing aqueous formulations of oligomers and mineral particles.
  • Solidifying formulations into hydrogels via photo-polymerization.
  • Chemically etching mineral particles and drying the hydrogel to form scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • Achieved soft porous polymeric scaffolds with micron-scale porosity.
  • Demonstrated that porosity is primarily controlled by the quantity of sacrificial particles.
  • Showcased the versatility of the method for creating various morphologies (monoliths, spheres, patterned substrates).

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a facile route to soft porous polymers with controlled porosity.
  • The technique is adaptable to various material forming processes like microfluidics and embossing.
  • This approach yields versatile porous materials suitable for a wide range of applications.