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The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
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Concertina Effect.

Rakesh Agarwal1, Dhurjati Prasad Sinha

  • 1IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata 243, G.T. Road(N), Laxmi Niketan, Flat-2E, Liluah, Howrah-711204 India. dr.agarwal.rakesh@hotmail.com.

The Journal of Invasive Cardiology
|May 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The accordion effect, or concertina effect, is a rare event in coronary angioplasty. This phenomenon typically has no lasting clinical impact and must be distinguished from other serious conditions like spasm, dissection, or thrombosis.

Keywords:
angioplastypercutaneous coronary interventionpseudolesion

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • The accordion effect, also termed "crumpled coronary," is an infrequent complication during coronary angioplasty procedures.
  • Understanding this effect is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the accordion effect observed during coronary angioplasty.
  • To highlight its distinction from other acute coronary complications.

Main Methods:

  • Observational analysis of coronary angioplasty procedures.
  • Review of clinical presentations and outcomes associated with the accordion effect.

Main Results:

  • The accordion effect is an uncommon occurrence in coronary angioplasty.
  • This effect generally presents without significant adverse clinical sequelae.

Conclusions:

  • The accordion effect is a distinct entity in interventional cardiology.
  • It requires differentiation from coronary artery spasm, dissection, and thrombosis, which necessitate specific interventions.