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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

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In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
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Larynx01:21

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
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An Implantable System For Chronic In Vivo Electromyography
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Neonatal Vocal Fold Paralysis.

Marisa A Ryan1, Patrick A Upchurch2, Panayiota Senekki-Florent3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

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|May 3, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vocal fold paralysis (VFP) in infants can cause breathing and feeding problems. Early diagnosis and management by otolaryngology and speech-language pathology are crucial for optimal outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Vocal fold paralysis (VFP) is a significant cause of respiratory and feeding difficulties in infants.
  • Causes are diverse, including CNS disorders, birth trauma, masses, iatrogenic injury, and idiopathic factors.
  • Bilateral VFP necessitates prompt airway intervention, while unilateral VFP presents more subtly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the causes, evaluation, and management of neonatal vocal fold paralysis.
  • To emphasize the importance of assessing swallowing function and ensuring adequate nutrition.
  • To highlight the necessity of multidisciplinary long-term follow-up for affected infants.

Main Methods:

  • Direct visualization of vocal folds for diagnosis.
  • Clinical and instrumental swallowing assessments (dysphagia evaluation).
  • Multidisciplinary team approach involving otolaryngology and speech-language pathology.

Main Results:

  • Swallowing dysfunction (dysphagia) is highly prevalent in infants with VFP.
  • Management strategies range from conservative monitoring to surgical interventions and enteral feeding.
  • Early and comprehensive management is linked to better health and quality-of-life outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal VFP requires thorough evaluation, including airway and swallowing assessments.
  • A coordinated, long-term follow-up plan is essential for optimal breathing, feeding, and voice development.
  • Timely intervention significantly mitigates the substantial short- and long-term consequences of VFP.