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Related Concept Videos

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In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene and a molecule of water. Dehydration of alcohols is generally achieved by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. While the dehydration of primary alcohols requires high temperatures and acid concentrations, secondary and tertiary alcohols can lose a water molecule under relatively mild conditions.
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Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
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The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
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Stereoisomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
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Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Alcohols can be synthesized from alkyl halides via nucleophilic substitution reactions. The highly polar carbon-halogen bond in the substrate makes halide a good leaving group.  The hydroxide ion or water can act as a nucleophile to take the place of halide and form an alcohol. The substitution reactions occur via two different reaction pathways, SN1 or SN2,  depending on the nature of carbon attached to the halide.
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Preparation of SNS CobaltII Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
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Efficient Identification for Alcohol Homologues and Hyperthermy Based on Coordination Polymer Multiple Structural

Zhichao Shao1, Yujie Zhao1, Qiong Xie1

  • 1College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel photofluorescence coordination polymer for sensing. It accurately identifies methanol among alcohol mixtures by leveraging unique environmental responsiveness and fluorescence changes.

Keywords:
accurate identificationcoordination bond ON/OFFcoordination polymershomologuessingle crystal to single crystalstructural transformation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Coordination polymers are gaining attention for chemical sensing and luminescence applications.
  • Distinguishing similar organic molecules with traditional sensors is challenging.
  • Developing responsive materials is key for advanced detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a photofluorescence coordination polymer with a donor-metal-acceptor structure.
  • To investigate its environmental responsiveness and fluorescence properties.
  • To enable rapid and accurate identification of organic homologues.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a photofluorescence coordination polymer with a donor-metal-acceptor architecture.
  • Characterization of its multiple environmental responsiveness.
  • Utilizing structural transformations for selective molecule identification.

Main Results:

  • The designed material exhibits unusual multiple environmental responsiveness.
  • Significant changes in fluorescence behavior were observed.
  • Accurate and rapid identification of methanol in alcohol mixtures (even at 10% concentration) was achieved.
  • Visualization of fluorescence transformation via thermal-induced coordination bond ON/OFF behavior in single crystals.

Conclusions:

  • The donor-metal-acceptor coordination polymer offers a novel platform for chemical sensing.
  • Its reversible structural conversion strategy enables precise identification of organic homologues.
  • This approach provides new insights for detecting environmental stimuli and similar molecules.