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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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High-Performance Polymer Foams by Thermally Induced Phase Separation.

Dmitrii Rusakov1, Angelika Menner1, Alexander Bismarck1,2

  • 1Institute of Material Chemistry and Research Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|May 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created macroporous, low-density polymer foams from polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, and polyetherimide using a novel solvent and phase separation method. These high-performance polymer foams exhibit high porosity and surface area, with tunable mechanical properties.

Keywords:
high-performance polymerspolyetheretherketonepolymer foamsporous polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • High-performance polymers like polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), and polyetherimide (PEI) offer excellent thermal and mechanical properties.
  • Developing macroporous, low-density structures from these polymers is challenging due to their high melting points and limited solubility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for producing macroporous, low-density foams from PEEK, PEKK, and PEI.
  • To identify suitable high-boiling-point solvents for these polymers.
  • To control foam morphology and properties through processing parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a high-temperature, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method.
  • Identified a high-boiling-point solvent capable of dissolving ≥20 wt% of PEEK, PEKK, and PEI above 250 °C.
  • Controlled foam morphology by adjusting the cooling procedure during phase separation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced macroporous, low-density PEEK, PEKK, and PEI foams.
  • Achieved porosities close to 80%.
  • Obtained foams with surface areas up to 140 m²/g and elastic moduli up to 97 MPa.

Conclusions:

  • The TIPS method, using a specifically identified solvent, is effective for fabricating macroporous, low-density foams from high-performance polymers.
  • Foam morphology and mechanical properties can be tailored by controlling the cooling rate.
  • These novel polymer foams show potential for applications requiring high surface area and controlled mechanical performance.