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Robust VLC Beacon Identification for Indoor Camera-Based Localization Systems.

Márk Rátosi¹, Gyula Simon^2,3

¹Department of Computer Science and Systems Technology, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 6, 2020

Summary

This study addresses decoding errors in LED-based indoor positioning systems caused by clock desynchronization. A new robust protocol (UPSOOK) ensures reliable data transmission despite clock inaccuracies and sensor noise.

Keywords:

UPSOOK adaptive autonomous vehicles camera communication indoor positioning responsiveness robustness visible light communication (VLC)

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Computer Science
Robotics

Background:

Industrial indoor positioning systems commonly use LEDs as beacons and cameras as sensors.
Visible Light Communication (VLC) techniques are employed for LED beacon data transmission.
Undersampling occurs when LED transmission frequency exceeds camera sampling frequency, potentially causing flickering and data errors.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the problem of decoding errors in undersampled VLC protocols due to frequency slip between transmitter and receiver clocks.
To analyze error performance as a function of protocol parameters and error sources.
To introduce a robust protocol that ensures reliable operation despite clock inaccuracies and sensor imperfections.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of error bursts caused by frequency slip in undersampled protocols.
Error performance analysis considering various error sources like sensor noise, jitter, and camera saturation.
Development and simulation of a robust-undersampled phase-shift on-off keying (UPSOOK) protocol.
Experimental validation using measurements.

Main Results:

Frequency slip between transmitter and receiver clocks can lead to periodic bursts of decoding errors.
The length and frequency of error bursts depend on the magnitude of clock frequency slip.
The proposed robust-UPSOOK protocol demonstrates correct operation without error-correcting codes, even with clock inaccuracies and sensor noise.

Conclusions:

Undersampled VLC protocols are susceptible to decoding errors from clock synchronization issues.
The robust-UPSOOK protocol offers a reliable solution for LED-based indoor positioning systems facing clock inaccuracies and sensor noise.
The developed protocol eliminates the need for error-correcting codes, simplifying system design.