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Related Concept Videos

Types Of Superconductors01:28

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

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When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Pairing mechanism in multiband superconductors.

Wen-Min Huang1, Hsiu-Hau Lin2

  • 1Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, 40227, Taichung, Taiwan. wenmin@phys.nchu.edu.tw.

Scientific Reports
|May 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrons form pairs in unconventional superconductors by resonating between bands, overcoming repulsive interactions. This discovery explains critical temperatures and spin fluctuations in these materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials Science

Background:

  • Unconventional superconductors exhibit electron pairing despite repulsive interactions, a long-standing puzzle.
  • Understanding this pairing mechanism is crucial for developing new superconducting technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an analytic solution for renormalization group analysis in multiband superconductors.
  • To resolve the puzzle of electron pairing in the presence of repulsive interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an analytic solution for renormalization group analysis in multiband superconductors.
  • Constructed a soluble effective theory based on the analytic solution.

Main Results:

  • The analytic solution accurately reproduces numerical results for multiband superconductors.
  • Demonstrated that electrons form pairs by resonating between different bands to compensate for repulsive interactions.
  • Provided an explanation for peculiar features of critical temperatures and spin fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • The electron pairing mechanism in unconventional superconductors involves inter-band resonance, analogous to chemical bonds in benzene.
  • The developed analytic solutions can be generalized to cuprates by considering momentum space multipatches instead of multibands.