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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care
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Immunotherapy for Medulloblastoma: Current Perspectives.

Tanvir F Kabir1, Charles A Kunos2, John L Villano3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.

Immunotargets and Therapy
|May 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy shows promise for treating medulloblastoma, a challenging brain tumor. Further research and combination trials are needed to overcome its immunosuppressive properties and improve patient survival.

Keywords:
CAR Timmunotherapymedulloblastomanatural killeroncolytic virusreviewvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Therapy

Background:

  • Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment for various metastatic cancers.
  • Challenges remain in applying immunotherapy to brain tumors like medulloblastoma due to immunosuppressive properties and tumor-related factors.
  • Emerging pre-clinical and early-phase trials show potential for overcoming these central nervous system (CNS) tumor challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on immunotherapy for medulloblastoma.
  • To identify promising immunotherapy strategies for CNS tumors.
  • To highlight the need for further clinical development in medulloblastoma treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a literature review of PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov.
  • Used keywords including medulloblastoma, immunotherapy, CNS tumors, and specific therapy types (vaccines, oncolytic virus, NK cells, CAR T).
  • Selected 24 studies for analysis from preclinical experiments and human trials.

Main Results:

  • Review includes data from medulloblastoma cell lines, animal models, and limited human patient trials.
  • Preclinical and early clinical data suggest potential therapeutic benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer vaccines, oncolytic viral therapy, natural killer (NK) cells, and CAR T therapy show promise against medulloblastoma's immunosuppressive environment.
  • There is a critical need for immunotherapies targeting specific medulloblastoma antigens.
  • Combination clinical trials integrating immunotherapy with standard treatments (surgery, radiochemotherapy) are advocated.