Early-Age Properties of Concrete Based on Numerical Hydration Modelling: A Parametric Analysis

The early-age performances of cement-based mixtures are governed by cement hydration reactions. As a matter of fact, the heat generated during the setting and hardening phases due to the hydration processes increases the temperatures within the concrete elements while it starts developing its mechanical properties. These thermal stresses can cause the premature cracking of the cementitious matrix and undermine the long-term durability of the whole concrete element, especially in the case of massive structures where the dissipation of generated heat is more difficult. It is worth highlighting that the kinetics of cement hydration is mainly governed by the mixture composition; on the other hand, the heat generated during the setting and hardening is also influenced by the geometry of the element and/or its curing conditions. In this context, this study presents a numerical procedure intended to simulate the hydration reactions, and hence scrutinize the development of concrete properties at the early-age. Specifically, considering the variation of several factors, such as concrete strength class, element size and curing conditions, a comprehensive parametric analysis is presented herein, leading to the proposal of a simplified approach for both predicting the time evolution of the concrete mechanical performances at the early-age and mitigating the risk of premature cracking.