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Apparent diffusion coefficient measurements on a novel diffusion weighted MRI phantom utilizing EPI and HASTE

Georgios Kalaitzakis1, Themistoklis Boursianis1, Georgios Gourzoulidis2

  • 1Department of Medical Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.

Physica Medica : PM : an International Journal Devoted to the Applications of Physics to Medicine and Biology : Official Journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
|May 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Polyacrylamide gels provide better Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) measurements than sucrose solutions. The Weighted Linear (WL) algorithm is recommended for clinical MRI due to its speed and precision.

Keywords:
ADC measurementsDWI phantomDiffusion fitting algorithmsEPI-DWIHASTE-DWIPolyacrylamide gelsSucrose solutions

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Background:

  • Accurate Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) measurements are crucial in Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) for various clinical applications.
  • Standardized phantoms are essential for validating DWI-MRI sequences and analysis methods.
  • Comparing different DWI sequences and fitting algorithms is necessary to optimize ADC quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel DWI-MRI phantom for ADC measurements.
  • Compare ADC measurements using Echo Planar Imaging (EPI-DWI) and Half-Fourier Acquisition Single Shot Echo (HASTE-DWI) sequences.
  • Evaluate two fitting algorithms: Weighted Linear (WL) and Non-Linear (NL) for ADC calculation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 23 test tubes with varying sucrose concentrations and polyacrylamide gels as a phantom.
  • Scanned the phantom on a 1.5 T clinical MRI system using EPI-DWI and HASTE-DWI sequences over two months.
  • Calculated ADC maps using WL and NL fitting algorithms, assessing Geometric Distortions (GD), Ghosting Ratios (GR), and Signal to Structured Noise Ratios (SSNR).

Main Results:

  • Polyacrylamide gels demonstrated lower coefficient of variation (CV%) compared to sucrose solutions.
  • Identical ADC results were obtained with WL and NL algorithms across both DWI sequences.
  • WL algorithm required approximately 3 seconds, while NL required 7 minutes per slice; EPI-DWI showed a 4.5% mean ADC difference compared to HASTE-DWI.

Conclusions:

  • Polyacrylamide gels are superior to sucrose solutions for simulating ADC values in this study.
  • The WL algorithm is recommended for routine clinical ADC measurements due to its speed and precision, matching NL algorithm results.
  • SSNR on ADC maps effectively assesses the precision of ADC measurements.