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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Cannabis, e-cigarettes and anesthesia.

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Cannabis and vaping can alter patient physiology, increasing risks during anesthesia and potentially reducing the effectiveness of pain management. Anesthesiologists must consider these effects for safe patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Increasing use of cannabis and e-cigarettes, especially among adolescents.
  • Cannabis and vaping may significantly impact patient physiology under anesthesia.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for safe anesthetic practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cannabis and e-cigarette use in relation to anesthesia.
  • To highlight potential physiological alterations and anesthetic implications.
  • To inform anesthetic management strategies for patients using these substances.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on cannabis and e-cigarette use.
  • Analysis of physiological effects on cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological systems.
  • Evaluation of impact on anesthetic agents and postoperative pain management.

Main Results:

  • E-cigarettes linked to acute lung injury, particularly with THC vaporization.
  • Cannabis use affects multiple organ systems, altering cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological function.
  • Cannabis may decrease the efficacy of sedatives and postoperative pain relief.

Conclusions:

  • Diverse cannabis products (route, cannabinoid content) pose varied risks.
  • Pre-anesthesia cannabis use increases risk for cardiovascular and respiratory complications.
  • Patients may exhibit tolerance to propofol and opioids, necessitating multimodal pain management.