Neural Correlates of the Dual-Pathway Model for ADHD in Adolescents

Chun Shen¹, Qiang Luo¹, Tianye Jia¹+29

• ¹Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Shen, Luo, Jia, Feng, Sahakian); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Luo); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. (Sahakian); Medical Research Council-Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Desrivières, Quinlan, Schumann); School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Zhao); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Banaschewski, Millenet, Nees); Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin (Bokde); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Büchel); Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Flor, Nees); Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany (Flor); Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany (Nees); NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (Frouin, Orfanos); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington (Garavan); Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, U.K. (Gowland); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Heinz, Walter); Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin (Ittermann); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unit 1000, Neuroimaging and Psychiatry, University Paris Sud-Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Paris (Martinot, Artiges, Paillère-Martinot); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France (Martinot, Artiges); Maison de Solenn, Paris (Martinot); Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Department of Psychiatry, Orsay, France (Artiges); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris (Paillère-Martinot); Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto (Paus); Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto (Paus); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Poustka); Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Poustka); Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany (Fröhner, Smolka); School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin (Whelan); Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department and Child Primary Care Department, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Lab for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (Li, Sahakian); Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. (Feng); and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Feng).