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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Iron-based binary ferromagnets for transverse thermoelectric conversion.

Akito Sakai1,2,3, Susumu Minami4,5, Takashi Koretsune6

  • 1Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan.

Nature
|May 8, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers enhanced the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) for energy harvesting by doping iron with aluminum and gallium. This breakthrough boosts thermoelectric performance and material potential for flexible generators.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Thermoelectric generation using the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) offers potential for energy harvesting due to its transverse geometry.
  • Improving ANE performance, cost, safety, and stability is crucial for practical applications.
  • The ANE originates from the Berry curvature of conduction electrons near the Fermi energy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally search for materials that dramatically enhance the anomalous Nernst effect.
  • To investigate the electronic structure responsible for ANE enhancement.
  • To develop cost-effective and flexible thermoelectric generators.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput computational search for dopants in alpha iron.
  • Investigating the electronic structure and Berry curvature.
  • Fabricating thin films for experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • Doping alpha iron with 25% aluminum or gallium enhances ANE by over ten times.
  • Achieved ANE values of approximately 4 and 6 microvolts per kelvin at room temperature.
  • Identified Fermi energy tuning to a nodal web as key to strong enhancement of the transverse thermoelectric coefficient.

Conclusions:

  • Doped iron significantly enhances ANE, approaching record values.
  • Fermi energy tuning to nodal web structures is critical for high ANE performance.
  • Fabricated thin films demonstrate potential for low-cost, flexible thermoelectric generators.