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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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CALCITONIN REVISITED IN 2020.

R Danila1, R Livadariu1, D Branisteanu2

  • 1"Grigore T Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine - Surgery, Iasi, Romania.

Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)
|May 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serum calcitonin (CT) is a key marker for detecting medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Monitoring CT levels aids in early diagnosis and managing MTC progression after treatment.

Keywords:
calcitoninmedullary carcinomatherapythyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Calcitonin (CT) is a thyroid hormone regulating calcium and bone metabolism.
  • Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) arises from C cells, often over-secreting CT.
  • Salmon CT is more potent than human CT, with limited therapeutic use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of serum CT as a marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).
  • To discuss controversies and challenges in CT testing for MTC.
  • To provide an update on MTC surgical and non-surgical treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of calcitonin's role in MTC.
  • Analysis of serum CT as a diagnostic and monitoring tool.
  • Summary of current surgical and therapeutic strategies for MTC.

Main Results:

  • Serum CT is a highly sensitive marker for early MTC detection.
  • CT levels are crucial for monitoring treatment response and disease recurrence.
  • Potential for false positive/negative results necessitates careful interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • Serum CT is indispensable for MTC diagnosis, staging, and follow-up.
  • Further research is needed to address screening controversies and optimize therapeutic approaches.
  • Management of MTC requires a multidisciplinary approach including surgery and novel therapies.