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"Olfactory Three-Needle" Enhances Spatial Learning and Memory Ability in SAMP8 Mice.

Yuan Wang1,2,3, Qiang Wang2,3, Bo Ren2

  • 1Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.

Behavioural Neurology
|May 8, 2020
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Summary

Acupuncture's "olfactory three-needle" therapy improves Alzheimer's disease (AD) by reducing amyloid-beta and neuroinflammation. This treatment enhances spatial memory and synaptic regeneration via p38MAPK and microglia pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Complementary and Alternative Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline.
  • Acupuncture is a key therapy in complementary and alternative medicine, with potential benefits for AD patients.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy of specific acupuncture techniques, like the "olfactory three-needle" manipulation, in AD remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the "olfactory three-needle" acupuncture therapy in improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models.
  • To compare the effects of "olfactory three-needle" acupuncture with eugenol olfactory stimulation on amyloid-beta deposition, synaptic regeneration, and cognitive performance.
  • To investigate the impact of this acupuncture technique on key molecular pathways, including p38MAPK and microglial activation, in the hippocampus.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the SAMP8 mouse model, a common model for studying age-related cognitive decline and AD.
  • Administered "olfactory three-needle" acupuncture and eugenol olfactory stimulation.
  • Assessed levels of beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein deposition and synaptophysin (SYP) expression.
  • Evaluated spatial learning and memory abilities.
  • Measured the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and the activation of microglia (MG) in the hippocampus.

Main Results:

  • Both "olfactory three-needle" acupuncture and eugenol stimulation reduced Aβ deposition and increased SYP expression.
  • Only "olfactory three-needle" acupuncture significantly enhanced spatial learning and memory in SAMP8 mice.
  • The "olfactory three-needle" therapy notably inhibited p38MAPK phosphorylation and excessive microglial activation in the hippocampus.
  • These effects suggest a mechanism involving reduced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, alongside promoted synaptic regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • The "olfactory three-needle" acupuncture enhances spatial learning and memory in AD models by inhibiting p38MAPK phosphorylation and microglial activation.
  • This mechanism reduces neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity associated with Aβ, promoting synaptic regeneration.
  • While olfactory stimulation plays a role, the therapeutic effects of "olfactory three-needle" acupuncture extend beyond simple olfactory system engagement.