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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Task specificity impacts dual-task interference in older adults.

Farahnaz Fallahtafti1, Julie B Boron2, Dawn M Venema3

  • 1Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
|May 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Dual-task interference in older adults impacts walking and cognition differently based on the task. Prioritizing cognitive performance, like in letter fluency, can sacrifice gait stability by widening step width.

Keywords:
CognitionDual-task costFluency taskGait

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Task prioritization significantly influences dual-task interference in older adults.
  • Increased dual-task costs during walking can elevate fall risk and impact long-term mobility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of dual-task interference on walking and cognitive performance in older adults.
  • To compare dual-task costs across different cognitive tasks (letter fluency, category fluency, serial subtraction) during walking.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty healthy older adults (mean age 71 years) performed three cognitive tasks individually and while walking on a treadmill.
  • Gait parameters (speed, step length, step width) and cognitive task accuracy were measured.
  • A walking-only condition served as a baseline.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive task performance varied, with letter fluency yielding higher accuracy than serial subtraction.
  • Step width significantly increased during dual-task letter fluency compared to walking alone and other dual-task conditions.
  • Gait and cognition were both affected during fluency tasks, with category fluency showing a higher cognitive cost.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive task type differentially impacts dual-task performance in older adults.
  • Maintaining cognitive function during letter fluency involved sacrificing gait stability (increased step width).
  • Serial subtraction showed a gait cost but a cognitive benefit, highlighting task-specific effects crucial for intervention design.