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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Related Experiment Video

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Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity in Alzheimer's disease.

Yue Gu1, Ying Lin1, Liangliang Huang1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
|May 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients exhibit altered dynamic functional connectivity (FC) patterns, particularly in frontal and temporal regions. These changes in brain network dynamics correlate with cognitive decline, offering new insights into AD pathophysiology.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseasedynamicstatetemporal variability

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
  • Previous studies assumed stationary functional connectivity (FC) in AD.
  • FC dynamics in AD remain largely unexplored, limiting understanding of neural mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate dynamic FC in Alzheimer's disease.
  • Identify distinct FC states and their temporal properties.
  • Correlate dynamic FC abnormalities with cognitive performance in AD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sliding-window approach and k-means clustering on resting-state fMRI data.
  • Analyzed data from 26 AD patients and 26 healthy controls.
  • Calculated between-group differences in FC states, temporal variability, and cognitive performance.

Main Results:

  • Identified three recurring dynamic FC states with abnormalities primarily in frontal and temporal cortices.
  • Observed altered temporal properties of FC states in AD, including decreased dwell time in State I and increased dwell time in State II.
  • Found reduced regional temporal variability in somatomotor, temporal, and parietal regions, significantly correlated with cognitive deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic FC is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease.
  • Altered FC dynamics provide novel insights into AD pathophysiology.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering dynamic FC for understanding AD.