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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule02:36

Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

Chemical bonds are complex interactions between two or more atoms or ions, which reduce the potential energy of the molecule. Gilbert N. Lewis developed a model called the Lewis model that simplified the depiction of chemical bond formation and provided straightforward explanations for the chemical bonds seen in most common compounds.
Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
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Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Pascal's Law01:04

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In 1653, the French philosopher and scientist Blaise Pascal published "Treatise on the Equilibrium of Liquids," which discussed the principles of static fluids. A static fluid is a fluid that is not in motion. When a fluid is not flowing, we say that the fluid is in static equilibrium. If the fluid is water, we say it is in hydrostatic equilibrium. For a fluid in static equilibrium, the net force on any part of the fluid must be zero; otherwise, the fluid will start to flow. Pascal observed...
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Ampere's Law

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A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
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Armand W. Loranger (1930-2019).

Mark F Lenzenweger1

  • 1State University of New York at Binghamton.

The American Psychologist
|May 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Armand W. Loranger revolutionized personality disorder diagnosis with a structured interview, enhancing reliability in psychiatric assessment. His extensive research spanned various mental health conditions and research areas.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Psychology
  • Clinical Diagnosis
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Personality pathology diagnosis historically relied on less reliable methods.
  • Armand W. Loranger was a leading international authority in personality pathology.
  • There was a need for more systematic and reliable approaches to diagnosing personality disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To memorialize the contributions of Armand W. Loranger.
  • To highlight Loranger's transformative impact on the diagnosis of personality disorders.
  • To acknowledge his development of a systematic structured interview approach.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a systematic structured interview approach for personality disorder diagnosis.
  • Extensive research publications covering diagnosis, classification, psychopharmacology, genetics, and epidemiology.

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  • Focus on a broad range of clinical interests including schizophrenia, dementia, mood disorders, and personality disorders.

    • Main Results:

    • Transformed the diagnosis of personality disorders by introducing a more reliable method.
    • Moved the field away from decades of less reliable diagnostic practices.
    • Contributed significantly to the understanding of various psychiatric conditions through broad research.

    Conclusions:

    • Loranger's structured interview approach significantly improved the reliability of personality disorder diagnosis.
    • His comprehensive research advanced multiple areas within psychiatry and psychology.
    • His legacy lies in establishing a more rigorous foundation for diagnosing personality pathology.