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Neurotoxocariasis.

Alessandra Nicoletti1

  • 1Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

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|May 9, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human toxocariasis, a common parasitic infection, can affect the central nervous system (CNS), causing neurotoxocariasis. Diagnosis and prevalence of CNS involvement remain challenging, despite potential links to neurological disorders.

Keywords:
Central nervous systemNeurotoxocariasisParasitosis

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Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Neurology
  • * Parasitology

Background:

  • * Human toxocariasis, caused by *Toxocara* spp. larvae, is a widespread zoonotic infection.
  • * Larvae can invade the central nervous system (CNS), leading to neurotoxocariasis with diverse neurological symptoms.
  • * Despite high seroprevalence, neurotoxocariasis is often underdiagnosed, and its exact prevalence is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the current understanding of neurotoxocariasis, including its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • * To discuss the challenges in diagnosing CNS involvement in *Toxocara* infections.
  • * To explore the potential association between *Toxocara* infection and other neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of existing literature on human toxocariasis and neurotoxocariasis.
  • * Analysis of diagnostic methods, including serological tests (ELISA) and histological confirmation.
  • * Discussion of treatment strategies involving anthelmintic therapy and corticosteroids.

Main Results:

  • * Neurotoxocariasis presents with a range of neurological manifestations, from meningitis to asymptomatic CNS infection.
  • * Diagnosis often relies on antibody detection in CSF or serum, with clinical improvement post-treatment.
  • * Population studies suggest links between *Toxocara* infection and epilepsy, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • * Neurotoxocariasis is a significant but often overlooked neurological complication of toxocariasis.
  • * Improved diagnostic approaches are needed to determine the true prevalence of CNS involvement.
  • * Further research is required to elucidate the role of *Toxocara* spp. in the pathogenesis of various neurological conditions.