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Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

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Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
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Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

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Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
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Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
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Quantifying redox heterogeneity in single-crystalline LiCoO2 cathode particles.

Chenxi Wei1, Yanshuai Hong2, Yangchao Tian1

  • 1National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|May 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new X-ray analysis method to accurately map charge distribution within lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) battery particles. This technique reveals hidden chemical complexity, improving understanding of cathode performance and enabling better battery design.

Keywords:
X-ray polarizationsingle-crystalline LiCoO2spectro-microscopy

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Synchrotron Radiation Physics

Background:

  • Active cathode particles, like lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), are critical for Li-ion battery performance.
  • The microstructure of LCO particles significantly impacts electrochemical behavior and cell-level performance.
  • Despite assumptions of homogeneity in crystalline LCO, sub-particle charge inhomogeneity is a known challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revisit and address the challenge of sub-particle level charge inhomogeneity in LCO particles.
  • To develop a robust methodology for accurately analyzing local spectroscopic fingerprints in single-crystalline LCO.
  • To reveal the mesoscale chemical complexity within LCO particles with improved fidelity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized X-ray absorption spectra on single-crystalline LCO particles with anisotropic lattice structures.
  • Addressed the ambiguity caused by X-ray polarization sensitivity in spectral analysis.
  • Developed a novel method extracting white-line peak energy from X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra as a key attribute for local state-of-charge representation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that X-ray absorption spectra are sensitive to incident X-ray polarization, impacting analysis.
  • The developed methodology significantly improves the accuracy of local state-of-charge determination in LCO.
  • Revealed mesoscale chemical complexity within LCO particles with enhanced fidelity.

Conclusions:

  • The new XANES-based method accurately quantifies local charge distribution in LCO particles.
  • Highlights the importance of particle engineering for optimizing LCO cathode performance.
  • The methodology has broad applicability for spectro-microscopic studies of single-crystalline materials at synchrotron facilities.