Ferromagnetic Order at Room Temperature in Monolayer WSe₂ Semiconductor via Vanadium Dopant

Diluted magnetic semiconductors including Mn-doped GaAs are attractive for gate-controlled spintronics but Curie transition at room temperature with long-range ferromagnetic order is still debatable to date. Here, the room-temperature ferromagnetic domains with long-range order in semiconducting V-doped WSe₂ monolayer synthesized by chemical vapor deposition are reported. Ferromagnetic order is manifested using magnetic force microscopy up to 360 K, while retaining high on/off current ratio of ≈10⁵ at 0.1% V-doping concentration. The V-substitution to W sites keeps a V-V separation distance of 5 nm without V-V aggregation, scrutinized by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. More importantly, the ferromagnetic order is clearly modulated by applying a back-gate bias. The findings open new opportunities for using 2D transition metal dichalcogenides for future spintronics.