Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

8.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
8.4K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

1.9K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
1.9K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

6.5K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
6.5K
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

42.7K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
42.7K
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

3.9K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
3.9K
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

1.8K
The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical Utility of Rapid Whole-Genome Sequencing in Hospitalized Adults With Unexplained Neurologic Presentations.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Intersectional expression of <i>Foxp2</i> and <i>Grp</i> identifies cold-activated parabrachial neurons.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology·2026
Same author

Renovating the Barnes maze for mouse models of dementia with STARR FIELD: A 4-day protocol for learning rate, retention, and cognitive flexibility.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)·2026
Same author

Nps-Expressing Neurons Receive Extensive Input From Auditory Brainstem Nuclei.

The Journal of comparative neurology·2026
Same author

AAV-PHP.eB Peripheral Delivery and Central Expression in Cre Mice.

The Journal of comparative neurology·2025
Same author

NPS neurons receive extensive input from auditory brainstem nuclei.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Fiber Connections of the Supplementary Motor Area Revisited: Methodology of Fiber Dissection, DTI, and Three Dimensional Documentation
16:23

Fiber Connections of the Supplementary Motor Area Revisited: Methodology of Fiber Dissection, DTI, and Three Dimensional Documentation

Published on: May 23, 2017

11.6K

Direct Parabrachial-Cortical Connectivity.

Fillan Grady1, Lila Peltekian1, Gabrielle Iverson1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|May 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers mapped brain connections between the parabrachial nucleus (PB) and the cerebral cortex in mice. This study identifies specific neuronal pathways involved in arousal and interoception.

Keywords:
ascending reticular activating systemcomaconsciousnessdysgranular insularfrontoinsularmedial prefrontal

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research
06:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.4K
Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
17:06

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

26.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Fiber Connections of the Supplementary Motor Area Revisited: Methodology of Fiber Dissection, DTI, and Three Dimensional Documentation
16:23

Fiber Connections of the Supplementary Motor Area Revisited: Methodology of Fiber Dissection, DTI, and Three Dimensional Documentation

Published on: May 23, 2017

11.6K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research
06:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.4K
Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
17:06

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

26.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • The parabrachial nucleus (PB) is a key brainstem region involved in various functions.
  • Understanding its connections to the cerebral cortex is crucial for deciphering complex neural circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the neuroanatomical interconnectivity between the mouse parabrachial nucleus (PB) and the cerebral cortex.
  • To identify genetic markers of PB neurons projecting to the cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized retrograde and Cre-dependent anterograde viral tracing techniques in mice.
  • Analyzed gene and neuropeptide expression (Lmx1b, ERα, Satb2, Cck, Calca, FoxP2) in PB neurons.

Main Results:

  • Identified glutamatergic PB neurons projecting to the cortex, expressing Lmx1b, ERα, and Satb2, with Cck and Calca neuropeptides.
  • Mapped extensive PB projections to the insular, entorhinal, and prefrontal cortices.
  • Revealed reciprocal projections from layer 5 cortical neurons back to the PB.

Conclusions:

  • Established the detailed neuroanatomical basis of PB-cortical circuits.
  • Provides a foundation for future research on the roles of these connections in arousal and interoception.