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Updated: Dec 22, 2025

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
Published on: May 10, 2018
Urinary detection of rapid-acting insulin analogs in healthy humans
Péter Judák1, Gilles Coppieters1, Bruno Lapauw2
1Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Doping Control Laboratory, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
Abstract:
Human insulin and its synthetic analogs are considered as life-saving drugs for people suffering from diabetes mellitus. Next to the therapeutic use, scientific and non-scientific literature (e.g. bodybuilding forums; antidoping intelligence and investigation reports) indicate that these prohibited substances are used as performance enhancing agents. In the present report, the development and validation of a sensitive analytical strategy is described for the urinary detection of three rapid-acting insulin analogs (Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine). The method is based on sample purification by the combination of ultrafiltration and immunoaffinity purification and subsequent analysis by nano-flow liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Next to the results on different validation parameters (LOD: 10 pg/mL; recovery: 25-48%; matrix effect: -3-(-8) %), data on urinary elimination times, which were obtained in the frame of an administration study with the participation of healthy volunteers, are presented. The determined detection windows (~9 hours) are expected to help to evaluate current routine analytical methods and aim to aid doping authorities to set appropriate target windows for efficient testing.
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