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Understanding and interpreting PRRSV diagnostics in the context of "disease transition stages"

Alexandra Henao-Diaz1, Ju Ji2, Luis Giménez-Lirola1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011. USA.

Research in Veterinary Science
|May 11, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Selecting the right diagnostic tests for persistent infections like PRRSV is crucial. No single test is best; tailor choices to your objective, often needing multiple assays and specimen types.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary diagnostics
  • Infectious disease research
  • Animal health

Background:

  • Persistent infections pose significant challenges in animal health.
  • Accurate diagnostic testing is vital for disease management and control.
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) serves as a model for persistent infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors influencing diagnostic test performance in persistent infections.
  • To analyze the relationship between disease and diagnostic transition stages using PRRSV data.
  • To provide guidance on selecting appropriate diagnostic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of diagnostic data from 4307 results in the refereed literature.
  • Case study using Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).
  • Review of broad issues affecting test performance.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic test performance is influenced by various factors in persistent infections.
  • A clear relationship exists between "disease transition stages" and "diagnostic transition stages".
  • No single diagnostic approach is universally optimal.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnostic strategies must be tailored to specific testing objectives.
  • Effective disease management often requires a combination of assays and specimen types.
  • Continued improvement in diagnostic technology is expected but won't eliminate the need for strategic selection.
Keywords:
Diagnostic transition stagesDisease transition stagesELISAMeta-analysisPRRSVRT-PCR

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