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Related Concept Videos

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

4.1K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
4.1K
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

3.3K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
3.3K
Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction01:17

Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction

9.5K
Pericyclic reactions are organic reactions that occur via a concerted mechanism without generating any intermediates. The reactions proceed through the movement of electrons in a closed loop to form a cyclic transition state, where rearrangement of the σ and π bonds yields specific products.
Pericyclic reactions can be classified into three categories: electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions, and sigmatropic rearrangements. Electrocyclic reactions and sigmatropic...
9.5K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

2.5K
Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
2.5K
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

1.5K
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
1.5K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.4K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
2.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance
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Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance

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Functionalized Macrocycles in Supramolecular Organocatalysis.

Dana Kauerhof1, Jochen Niemeyer1

  • 1Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany.

Chempluschem
|May 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Functionalized macrocycles are promising supramolecular catalysts, offering unique binding pockets and preorganized active groups for enhanced homogeneous catalysis. This review highlights recent advances in macrocyclic organocatalysis.

Keywords:
binding siteshost-guest chemistrymacrocyclesorganocatalysissupramolecular chemistry

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Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
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Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Organocatalysis
  • Homogeneous catalysis

Background:

  • Supramolecular organocatalysis is an emerging field within homogeneous catalysis.
  • Functionalized macrocycles offer advantages like accessible synthesis, defined binding pockets (e.g., hydrophobic cavities), and preorganized catalytic groups.
  • These features enable tailored reaction microenvironments and efficient substrate binding/activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent advancements in supramolecular organocatalysis.
  • Focus on functionalized macrocycles, including cyclodextrins, calixarenes, and resorcinarenes.
  • Highlight macrocycles with installed or inherent catalytically active groups.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on supramolecular organocatalysis.
  • Focus on macrocyclic systems with specific functional groups (H-bond donors/acceptors, Brønsted acids/bases, nucleophiles).
  • Analysis of catalyst design and substrate activation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of macrocycles as effective supramolecular catalysts.
  • Examples of cyclodextrins, calixarenes, and resorcinarenes utilized in organocatalysis.
  • Showcasing the role of functional groups in enhancing catalytic activity and selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Functionalized macrocycles represent a powerful platform for developing novel supramolecular organocatalysts.
  • The defined structure of macrocycles allows for precise control over the catalytic microenvironment.
  • Further exploration of macrocyclic organocatalysis promises significant contributions to homogeneous catalysis.