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Immune responses to stroke: mechanisms, modulation, and therapeutic potential
Costantino Iadecola1, Marion S Buckwalter2, Josef Anrather1
1Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|May 12, 2020
Summary
The immune system plays a dual role in stroke, causing damage acutely but also leading to infections. Targeting immunity offers potential therapeutic benefits for stroke patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Stroke is a leading global cause of death and disability, often resulting from cerebral artery occlusion.
- Brain damage from ischemia involves complex immune system responses.
- The immune system's role in stroke is multifaceted, impacting both acute injury and long-term outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathogenic processes of the immune system in stroke.
- To assess the therapeutic potential of targeting immune responses in stroke.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific literature on stroke pathophysiology and immunology.
- Analysis of the dual role of innate and adaptive immunity in acute and chronic stroke phases.
Main Results:
- Innate immune cells contribute to ischemic damage but can also be protective in the acute phase.
- Systemic immune activation and subsequent depression increase infection risk post-stroke.
- Adaptive immune responses in the chronic phase may drive neuropsychiatric sequelae.
Conclusions:
- Immune system modulation presents a promising therapeutic avenue for stroke.
- Understanding the complex immune response is crucial for developing effective stroke treatments.
