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Occupational exposure to Brucella spp.: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Carine Rodrigues Pereira1, João Vitor Fernandes Cotrim de Almeida1, Izabela Regina Cardoso de Oliveira2
1Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Occupational brucellosis poses significant risks, particularly for rural, abattoir, and veterinary workers. Negligence in protective measures and lack of knowledge increase infection chances with Brucella species.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Brucellosis is a globally significant neglected zoonotic disease.
- Occupational exposure presents a major transmission route for Brucella species.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review occupational brucellosis.
- Identify key infection risks for high-exposure job groups.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of seven databases (CABI, Cochrane, PubMed, etc.).
- Quality assessment using NIH and CARE guidelines.
- Meta-analysis of case-control studies.
Main Results:
- Five high-risk groups identified: rural workers, abattoir workers, veterinarians, laboratory workers, and hunters.
- Key risk factors include direct contact with animal fluids, inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE) use, accidental vaccine exposure, and poor biosafety compliance.
- Animal breeders, laboratory workers, and abattoir workers showed a 3.47 times higher chance of Brucella spp. infection.
Conclusions:
- This review enhances understanding of occupational brucellosis epidemiology.
- Specific professions face heightened risks due to direct exposure and insufficient safety practices.
- Lack of awareness and non-compliance with protective measures significantly elevate infection probability.
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