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Measuring Self-Perceptions of Aging: Differences Between Measures When Predicting Health Outcomes.

Jordan Boeder1, Dwight C K Tse2

  • 1Division of Behavioral and Organizational Sciences, School of Social Science, Policy and Evaluation, Claremont Graduate University, California.

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|May 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Different measures of self-perceptions of aging (SPA) predict distinct health outcomes. The Ongoing Development scale predicts psychological health, while others predict broader psychological and physiological health, indicating measurement choice matters for aging research.

Keywords:
Attitudes Towards Own AgingDepressionLife satisfactionPhysical functioningViews of aging

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Self-perceptions of aging (SPA) are commonly assessed using the Aging-related Cognitions (AgeCog) scales or the Attitudes Towards Own Aging (ATOA) subscale.
  • Existing SPA measures vary in assessing the valence and specificity of aging views, leading to potential inconsistencies in research.
  • Understanding how different SPA measures relate and predict health outcomes is crucial for accurate aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interrelationships between different measures of self-perceptions of aging (SPA).
  • To examine whether distinct SPA measures differentially predict psychological and physiological health outcomes.
  • To determine the optimal measurement approach for capturing the multidimensionality of SPA and its health implications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the German Aging Survey (DEAS) waves of 2008 and 2014, including 3,745 adults aged 40-95.
  • Analyzed the correlations between the AgeCog scales (Ongoing Development, Physical Loss) and the ATOA subscale.
  • Examined the predictive power of these SPA measures on psychological and physiological health outcomes over a 6-year period.

Main Results:

  • The AgeCog scale of Ongoing Development significantly predicted psychological health outcomes.
  • The AgeCog scale of Physical Loss and the ATOA subscale predicted both psychological and physiological health outcomes.
  • Correlations between AgeCog scales and ATOA were higher than correlations among AgeCog scales alone.

Conclusions:

  • The AgeCog scale of Ongoing Development is suitable for predicting domain-specific psychological health outcomes.
  • The ATOA subscale or a combination of AgeCog scales effectively capture the multidimensionality of SPA.
  • These comprehensive measures maximize the explained variance in both psychological and physiological well-being and ill-being.