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Load effects in attention: Comparing tasks and age groups.

Aaron Cochrane1, Vanessa Simmering2,3, C Shawn Green2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1202 W Johnson St, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. akcochrane@wisc.edu.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|May 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Load theory's predictions about attention capacity and selectivity were tested. Children showed predicted attention interactions, unlike adults, suggesting maturation impacts distractor effects in attention.

Keywords:
Cognitive developmentPerceptual loadSelective attention

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Attention is limited in capacity and selectivity.
  • Load theory posits an interaction between attention capacity and selectivity.
  • Previous research supports load theory, but robustness across tasks and populations is questioned.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test perceptual load effects in change detection and enumeration tasks.
  • To compare attention capacity and selectivity interactions in adults and children.
  • To investigate the role of maturation in attentional processes.

Main Methods:

  • Participants: adults and 7- to 8-year-old children.
  • Tasks: change detection and enumeration.
  • Analysis: examined accuracy and performance decrements under varying perceptual load conditions.

Main Results:

  • Adults' performance did not show the predicted interaction between capacity and selection.
  • Children's performance, though less accurate overall, demonstrated the predicted interaction.
  • Children exhibited greater performance decrements due to capacity demands, distractors, and their interaction.

Conclusions:

  • Maturation-related changes appear to attenuate distractor effects in attention.
  • Evidence for capacity-selection interactions in attention may be limited in high-functioning populations.
  • Developmental differences in attentional control influence the manifestation of load theory effects.