Pathophysiology of Drug-Induced Hypomagnesaemia

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Human Physiology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Magnesium (Mg²⁺) is a critical intracellular and extracellular cation.
• It plays a key role in enzyme activity, nucleic acid stability, ion channel regulation, metabolism, and apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the physiological functions of Mg²⁺.
• To explain Mg²⁺ handling by the kidneys.
• To identify drugs causing hypomagnesaemia.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of Mg²⁺ physiology and drug-induced hypomagnesaemia.
• Analysis of mechanisms of Mg²⁺ imbalance.
• Discussion of clinical implications.

Main Results:

• Hypomagnesaemia stems from reduced intake, absorption, or increased renal excretion.
• Diuretics and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are common drug culprits.
• Understanding these factors is crucial for managing Mg²⁺ homeostasis.

Conclusions:

• Mg²⁺ is essential for cellular health and physiological balance.
• Awareness of drug-induced hypomagnesaemia is vital for clinicians.
• This review provides insights for preventing and treating Mg²⁺ imbalances.