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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method
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How to make a #theDress.

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    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |May 14, 2020
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Individual differences in color perception, like those seen with #theDress, can be reproduced with a simple algorithm. This algorithm generates images that cause similar, systematic variations in how people see colors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Visual perception
    • Computational imaging
    • Color science

    Background:

    • The phenomenon of #theDress highlighted significant individual differences in color perception.
    • Existing explanations for #theDress effects were unclear regarding generalizability to other images.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a method for generating images that mimic the color properties of #theDress.
    • To investigate if the observed individual differences in color perception are specific to #theDress or a broader phenomenon.
    • To determine if the color distribution alone is sufficient to elicit these perceptual differences.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a novel algorithm to transform standard images into stimuli with #theDress-like color properties.
    • Controlled experiments measuring perceived colors in algorithmically generated images.
    • Comparison of color perception data from new images with data from the original #theDress image.
    • Analysis of the correlation between individual differences in perceiving #theDress and the new images.

    Main Results:

    • The algorithm successfully transformed images to exhibit #theDress-like characteristics.
    • Observers showed significant and similar individual differences in perceiving colors in the new images as they did for #theDress.
    • These perceptual differences were systematic and correlated with individual responses to #theDress.
    • Color distribution within an image was found to be a key factor in generating these perceptual variations.

    Conclusions:

    • The color distribution of an image is sufficient to generate striking individual differences in color perception, similar to #theDress.
    • These effects occur when images are realistic, prompting assumptions about illumination and surfaces.
    • The developed algorithm provides a tool for creating stimuli to study color perception phenomena beyond #theDress.