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Related Concept Videos

Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

892
Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff...
892
Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit01:24

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

483
Series resonance occurs in a circuit containing inductive (L), capacitive (C), and resistive (R) elements connected sequentially. At the resonance frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, effectively canceling each other. This causes the circuit's impedance is minimal, primarily determined by the resistance R. The resonant frequency of an RLC circuit is defined as:
483
Parallel Resonance01:23

Parallel Resonance

437
The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:
437
Active Filters01:25

Active Filters

1.2K
Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
1.2K
Design Example01:23

Design Example

480
The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
480
Cascaded Op Amps01:16

Cascaded Op Amps

1.0K
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
1.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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Band-rejection filter with high extinction ratio using prism-waveguide cascaded coupling system.

Maowu Ran, Wenjuan Cai, Yincong Zhang

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |May 14, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel prism-waveguide filter for band-rejection applications. The device offers enhanced extinction ratios and low insertion loss, simplifying Raman signal detection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Band-rejection filters are crucial for isolating specific wavelengths.
    • Distinguishing Raman signals from elastic scattering requires efficient filtering.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and analyze a novel band-rejection filter based on a prism-waveguide cascaded coupling system.
    • To achieve high extinction ratios and broad free spectral range for Raman spectroscopy applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a cascaded coupling system using an equilateral trapezium prism and a multilayer structure.
    • Adjustment of coupling layer thickness and guiding layer properties to satisfy damping conditions.
    • Numerical calculations to evaluate filter performance, including reflectivity, extinction ratio, and insertion loss.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a band-rejection filter with a reflectivity spectrum featuring dips.
    • Demonstrated an extinction ratio twice as high as single-coupling technology.
    • Obtained a broad free spectral range suitable for Raman spectra and low insertion loss (0.45 dB).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed prism-waveguide filter offers a simple manufacturing process and high performance.
    • The device shows potential for distinguishing Raman signals from elastic scattering backgrounds in spectroscopy.