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Delta formation in foot polydactyly.

A T Olason1, J R Döhler

  • 1Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany.

Archives of Orthopaedic and Traumatic Surgery. Archiv Fur Orthopadische Und Unfall-Chirurgie
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
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Delta deformities in foot bones, termed delta phalanx and delta metatarsal, are linked to polydactyly. Long-term follow-up revealed four distinct ossification stages, suggesting a role in toe ray bifurcation.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Foot and Ankle Surgery

Background:

  • Congenital triangular deformities of foot bones are known as delta phalanx and delta metatarsal.
  • These deformities resemble the Greek letter delta.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe delta formations in patients with foot polydactyly.
  • To outline the ossification stages of these deformities.
  • To elucidate the pathogenetic role of delta formations in polydactyly.

Main Methods:

  • Case series reporting on ten patients with foot polydactyly.
  • Long-term follow-up of 19 delta formations.
  • Observation of ossification patterns.

Main Results:

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  • Four distinct stages of ossification were identified in delta formations.
  • Stages include: no epiphyseal ossification, appearance of ossification centers, unification with nonosseous tissue, and complete ossification.
  • Delta formations appear to be an intermediate stage in the bifurcation of polydactylic foot rays.

Conclusions:

  • Delta formations are associated with foot polydactyly.
  • The observed ossification stages provide insight into the developmental process.
  • Pathogenetically, delta formations may represent the initial stage of longitudinal splitting in bifurcated toe rays.