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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
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Bidirectional Relationships Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Social Functioning During Cognitive Processing

Kayla A Lord1, Michael K Suvak1, Samantha Holmes2

  • 1Suffolk University.

Behavior Therapy
|May 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and social functioning problems are interconnected during cognitive processing therapy. Improvements in one area predict improvements in the other, highlighting a reciprocal relationship over time.

Keywords:
cognitive processing therapyposttraumatic stress disordersocial functioning

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Trauma Studies

Background:

  • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) significantly impacts social functioning.
  • Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) is a common treatment for PTSD.
  • Understanding the interplay between PTSD symptoms and social functioning during therapy is crucial for treatment optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal relationship between PTSD symptoms and social functioning during CPT.
  • To examine if interpersonal relationship problems and social role functioning problems predict subsequent PTSD symptoms, and vice versa.
  • To explore potential moderators, such as military status, in this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study design with 176 participants undergoing CPT.
  • Assessment of PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-IV) and social functioning (Outcome Questionnaire-45) at multiple time points.
  • Multivariate multilevel lagged analyses to examine reciprocal relationships.

Main Results:

  • A significant reciprocal relationship was found between PTSD symptoms and both interpersonal relationship problems and social role functioning problems.
  • Social role functioning problems predicted subsequent PTSD symptoms, and vice versa.
  • Military status moderated the relationship, with higher social role functioning problems in military patients associated with smaller PTSD symptom reductions.

Conclusions:

  • PTSD symptoms and social functioning exhibit a robust, bidirectional association during CPT.
  • Interventions addressing social functioning may enhance PTSD treatment outcomes.
  • Military status may influence the trajectory of PTSD symptom reduction in relation to social functioning.