Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis01:15

Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis

753
Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
When a bending moment is applied at an angle θ concerning the vertical axis of a symmetrical member, it can be resolved into components along the member's principal...
753
Geometry of Hyperbolas01:30

Geometry of Hyperbolas

210
A hyperbola consists of all points where the absolute difference of distances to two fixed points, called foci, remains constant. The standard equation isEach branch extends infinitely and approaches two asymptotes, which guide the curve’s behavior. The parameters a and b define key features: a measures the distance from the center to each vertex along the transverse axis, while b influences the slopes of the asymptotes. The asymptotes have equationsA rectangle centered at the origin with...
210
Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface01:16

Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface

421
In curved beams, unlike straight beams, the stress distribution across the cross-section is not uniform due to the beam's curvature. This non-uniformity arises because the neutral axis, where stress is zero, does not align with the centroid of the section. In a curved beam, the strain varies along the section as a function of the distance from the neutral axis.
Consider the curved member described in the previous lesson. According to Hooke's law, which relates stress to strain within the...
421
Hyperbolas01:30

Hyperbolas

205
A hyperbola is a conic section produced when a double-napped cone is intersected by a plane at an angle steeper than the slope of the cone, such that it cuts through both nappes. This intersection yields two separate, mirror-image curves known as branches, which open away from each other along the transverse axis. The nearest points on each branch to the hyperbola’s center are termed vertices, and the distance from the center to a vertex is denoted by a. Perpendicular to the transverse...
205
Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry01:20

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

9.1K
A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary along the axis or with the direction about the axis. In other words, if a system varies if it is rotated around the axis or shifted along the axis, it does not have cylindrical symmetry. In real systems, we do not have infinite cylinders; however, if the cylindrical object is considerably longer than the radius from it that we are interested in,...
9.1K
Torsion of Noncircular Members01:16

Torsion of Noncircular Members

435
Circular shafts undergoing torsional stress maintain their cross-sectional integrity due to their axisymmetric nature. This symmetry ensures an even distribution of stress, allowing the shaft to withstand torsion without distorting. In contrast, square bars, lacking this axial symmetry, experience significant distortion across their cross-sections when subjected to torsion, with the exception of along their diagonals and at lines connecting midpoints. A detailed examination of a cubic element...
435

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Flexibly connectable combined filters (co-filters) for decentralized treatment of greywater.

International journal of phytoremediation·2026
Same author

Pupil aberration coefficients in plane-symmetric optical systems.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same author

Single-step alignment of a two-mirror telescope using sigma vectors in nodal aberration theory.

Applied optics·2026
Same author

Two-level optimizer for large-scale metasurfaces with strong near-field coupling.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Wide-range High-precision Eye-tracking based on Purkinje Reflections.

Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering·2026
Same author

EDTA-induced remobilization of lead from suspended particulate matter in contaminated water samples from the Innerste River: a statistical evaluation.

Environmental science and pollution research international·2026
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Convergent Polishing: A Simple, Rapid, Full Aperture Polishing Process of High Quality Optical Flats & Spheres
13:07

Convergent Polishing: A Simple, Rapid, Full Aperture Polishing Process of High Quality Optical Flats & Spheres

Published on: December 1, 2014

11.5K

Off-axis conics as base surfaces for freeform optics enable null testability.

Nick Takaki, Jonathan C Papa, Aaron Bauer

    Optics Express
    |May 15, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Using off-axis conics as base surfaces for freeform optics significantly improves interferometric testability. This approach reduces the need for costly additional components, simplifying optical testing and design.

    More Related Videos

    Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging
    07:14

    Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging

    Published on: April 11, 2025

    1.1K
    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
    05:57

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

    Published on: April 1, 2020

    8.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Dec 21, 2025

    Convergent Polishing: A Simple, Rapid, Full Aperture Polishing Process of High Quality Optical Flats & Spheres
    13:07

    Convergent Polishing: A Simple, Rapid, Full Aperture Polishing Process of High Quality Optical Flats & Spheres

    Published on: December 1, 2014

    11.5K
    Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging
    07:14

    Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging

    Published on: April 11, 2025

    1.1K
    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
    05:57

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

    Published on: April 1, 2020

    8.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Metrology
    • Freeform Optics

    Background:

    • Interferometric testing of freeform optical surfaces often requires complex and expensive auxiliary optics like computer-generated holograms or deformable mirrors to achieve null tests.
    • These additional components increase the cost and complexity of the testing process.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the use of off-axis conic segments as base surfaces for freeform optical designs.
    • To investigate methods for improving the testability of freeform optics by leveraging these base surfaces.

    Main Methods:

    • Designs utilizing off-axis conic segments as base surfaces were developed.
    • Orthogonal polynomial departures were combined with these conic bases.
    • Testability estimates were compared against designs using spherical base surfaces.

    Main Results:

    • Designs employing off-axis conics demonstrated up to an order-of-magnitude improvement in testability estimates.
    • This method simplifies interferometric testing by reducing reliance on additional optical components.
    • Two telescope designs (three-mirror and wide field-of-view four-mirror) validated the findings.

    Conclusions:

    • Off-axis conic segments offer a more testable base for freeform optical designs compared to traditional base spheres.
    • This approach presents a cost-effective and less complex solution for interferometric testing of freeform optics.