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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...

Regulation of Stroke Volume

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...

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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats

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Published on: May 22, 2019

Exploring Factors Contributing to Race Differences in Poststroke Disability.

Lesli E Skolarus¹, Chunyang Feng¹, James F Burke^1,2

¹From the Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (L.E.S., C.F., J.F.B.).

|May 15, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Racial disparities in poststroke disability persist despite accounting for various health and socioeconomic factors. Pre-existing disability significantly contributes to these differences, warranting further investigation into underlying causes.

Keywords:

education hospitalization income mortality survivor

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Neurology
Public Health

Background:

Cross-sectional studies indicate significant racial differences in poststroke disability.
These previous analyses did not account for prestroke disability, hospitalization, postacute care, or mortality.
A longitudinal approach is necessary to understand the trajectory of disability and related outcomes in stroke survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

To longitudinally examine racial differences in mortality, nursing home placement, and disability among older stroke survivors.
To identify factors contributing to racial disparities in poststroke disability.

Main Methods:

Prospective cohort study of Black and White stroke survivors (2009-2016) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, linked to Medicare.
Disability assessed using validated scales; mortality and nursing home admission analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.
Multilevel linear regression models used to estimate racial differences in disability, with adjustments for multiple covariates.

Main Results:

No significant racial differences were found in long-term mortality or nursing home placement.
Substantial racial disparities in disability were evident immediately prestroke and poststroke.
Full adjustment for sociodemographics, comorbidities, and healthcare factors did not significantly alter the observed race-disability associations.

Conclusions:

Racial differences in nursing home placement, mortality, and healthcare factors are unlikely to be primary drivers of poststroke disability disparities.
Prestroke disability appears to be a significant factor in observed racial differences in poststroke disability.
Further research is required to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying racial disparities in poststroke disability.