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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
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Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

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Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
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An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
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Related Experiment Video

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Real-Time Electrocardiogram Monitoring During Treadmill Training in Mice
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Inferolateral T wave inversion in athletes: phenotype-genotype correlation.

Heather Cronin1, Derek Crinion2, David Kerins2

  • 1Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland. heathercronin88@hotmail.com.

Irish Journal of Medical Science
|May 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Deep T wave inversion in young athletes is rare. Genetic screening revealed no significant mutations, suggesting it may be a benign repolarization syndrome linked to athletic training.

Keywords:
Athletic adaptationCardiomyopathyGeneticsRepolarization abnormalitiesSports screeningT wave inversion

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Deep T wave inversion in young, asymptomatic athletes is uncommon but raises clinical concerns for underlying cardiac conditions.
  • Pre-participation screening programs often identify these athletes, leading to diagnostic uncertainty regarding potential cardiomyopathies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of inferolateral T wave inversion in athletes with a normal cardiac phenotype.
  • To determine if specific gene mutations correlate with this ECG finding in the absence of clinical symptoms or structural heart disease.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of ten male athletes with inferolateral T wave inversion and normal cardiac phenotypes were selected.
  • A comprehensive genetic screen of 133 cardiac genes was performed on all participants.

Main Results:

  • Seven out of ten athletes showed no detectable mutations in the screened cardiac genes.
  • Three athletes had variants of uncertain significance in genes including ACTN2, MYPN, CACNA1C, TRPM4, and KCNQ1, none previously linked to cardiomyopathy or channelopathy.
  • One athlete who detrained experienced complete resolution of T wave changes, without identified genetic variants.

Conclusions:

  • The lack of significant mutations suggests inferolateral T wave inversion in phenotypically normal athletes may be a benign repolarization variant due to athletic adaptation.
  • This study highlights the need for further genetic research into phenotype-genotype correlations for this specific athlete population.