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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Changes in bone mass and body composition after bariatric surgery.

Oslei Matos1, Elena M P Ruthes1, Anna Karolyna C Malinowski1

  • 1Laboratory for Studies in Biomedical Engineering and Health, Federal University of Technology, Curitiba, Brazil.

Gynecological Endocrinology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology
|May 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bariatric surgery significantly impacts hip bone density, causing a 17.8% loss after six months. While lumbar spine bone density shows a smaller, non-significant decrease, obesity and rapid weight loss are key factors affecting bone health.

Keywords:
Bone histomorphometrybone-muscle interactiondual-energy X-ray absorptiometryfracture prevention

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Metabolic Surgery
  • Bone Physiology

Background:

  • Bariatric surgery effectively treats morbid obesity.
  • Limited data exists on the impact of weight changes post-surgery on bone structure.
  • Understanding bone mineral density (BMD) changes is crucial for long-term patient health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of weight loss following bariatric surgery on hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density.
  • To analyze the relationship between body composition and bone mineral density changes.
  • To assess the influence of obesity and rapid weight loss on bone structure.

Main Methods:

  • Seventeen obese women undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) were studied.
  • Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed body composition (weight, BMI, lean mass, fat mass) and bone mineral content pre- and post-surgery (6 months).
  • Pre- and post-operative data were compared to evaluate changes in hip and lumbar BMD.

Main Results:

  • A significant 17.8% decrease in hip bone mineral density (BMD) was observed six months post-RYGB.
  • Lumbar spine BMD showed a non-significant loss of 1.8%.
  • Pre-operative BMI and lean mass predicted 26% and 49% of hip BMD variability, respectively. Post-operative lean mass predicted 30% of hip BMD, but not lumbar BMD.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity and rapid weight loss significantly influence hip bone mineral density six months after bariatric surgery.
  • The lumbar spine exhibits a lesser BMD reduction due to its load-dissipating curvature.
  • Further research is needed to mitigate bone density loss after bariatric procedures.