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Exercise as Osteoarthritis Treatment in Wistar Rats Promotes Frequency-Dependent Benefits.

Mateus Cardoso Colares1,2, Anand Thirupathi1,2, Leandro Almeida da Silva2

  • 1Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.

Biology
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
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Moderate treadmill exercise, particularly five times weekly, significantly inhibited knee osteoarthritis progression in rats. This frequency demonstrated superior benefits in reducing inflammation, improving cartilage health, and promoting recovery compared to exercising three times weekly.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease causing pain and disability.
  • Current management strategies for OA have limitations.
  • Exercise is a promising non-pharmacological intervention for OA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different exercise frequencies on knee OA progression in a rat model.
  • To compare the therapeutic effects of moderate treadmill exercise at three versus five times per week.

Main Methods:

  • Knee OA was induced in Wistar rats using sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA).
  • Animals were divided into Sham, OA, OA + 3×/week exercise, and OA + 5×/week exercise groups.
  • An 8-week moderate treadmill exercise protocol was implemented post-induction, with varying frequencies.
Keywords:
cartilageexerciseinflammationosteoarthritisoxidative stresstreadmill

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Main Results:

  • Both exercise frequencies (3× and 5×/week) inhibited OA progression and cartilage degradation.
  • The OA + 5×/week group showed enhanced benefits, including greater weight reduction, improved oxidative stress markers, and reduced inflammation.
  • Superior cartilage protection, increased surface area, and anabolic improvements were observed with five weekly exercise sessions.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate treadmill exercise confers significant cartilage protection in knee OA.
  • A higher frequency of exercise (five times/week) yields superior therapeutic outcomes compared to a lower frequency (three times/week).
  • Exercise demonstrates a dose-dependent benefit in managing knee osteoarthritis.