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Related Concept Videos

COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

16.6K
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
16.6K
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

2.9K
After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
2.9K
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

3.9K
Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
3.9K
Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

5.6K
While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
5.6K
Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

4.1K
Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...
4.1K
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

8.8K
Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Setting a Successful Sorting for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation
08:37

Setting a Successful Sorting for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation

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Cargo crowding contributes to sorting stringency in COPII vesicles.

Natalia Gomez-Navarro1, Alejandro Melero1, Xiao-Han Li1

  • 1Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|May 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vesicle cargo density drives endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein sorting. High cargo levels promote selective packaging, preventing ER resident proteins from escaping via COPII vesicles.

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Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
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Optimization of Flow Cytometric Sorting Parameters for High-Throughput Isolation and Purification of Small Extracellular Vesicles
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Organelle identity maintenance is crucial for cellular function.
  • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sorts secretory proteins into COPII vesicles.
  • Mechanisms of ER resident protein exclusion from COPII vesicles are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of protein sorting selectivity in the ER.
  • To understand how ER resident proteins are retained and misfolded proteins are excluded from COPII vesicles.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM)

Main Results:

  • Vesicle occupancy influences ER retention; low cargo leads to increased bulk flow.
  • ER leakage is modulated by vesicle size and cargo load.
  • Overexpressing inert cargo or reducing vesicle size enhances sorting stringency.

Conclusions:

  • Cargo recruitment into COPII vesicles creates a crowded lumen, driving selectivity.
  • ER resident retention is partly a biophysical process of cargo enrichment within vesicles.