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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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A 1 MHz Miniaturized Electrical Impedance Tomography System for Prostate Imaging.

Arun Rao, Ethan K Murphy, Ryan J Halter

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |May 15, 2020
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) enables high-frequency electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for prostate cancer screening. This miniaturized system achieves high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for improved lesion detection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Imaging
    • Electrical Engineering

    Background:

    • Prostate cancer screening requires advanced imaging techniques for early detection.
    • High-frequency electrical impedance tomography (EIT) offers a promising non-invasive imaging modality.
    • Miniaturized systems are crucial for developing practical EIT devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for a high-frequency EIT system.
    • To enable a small form-factor EIT architecture for prostate cancer screening.
    • To achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at MHz frequencies for enhanced imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed and fabricated a 4-channel ASIC in 0.18-μm CMOS technology.
    • Integrated a novel current driver, instrumentation amplifier, variable gain amplifier (VGA), and ADC with SPI interface.
    • Developed a prototype miniaturized EIT system with a transrectal imaging probe.

    Main Results:

    • The ASIC-based EIT system achieved an SNR between 66 and 76 dB from 500 Hz to 1 MHz.
    • The system successfully depicted a small metal inclusion, modeling prostate cancer lesions, in saline.
    • Demonstrated the feasibility of imaging prostate cancer using a miniaturized EIT system.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed ASIC enables a high-frequency EIT system suitable for prostate cancer screening.
    • The miniaturized system demonstrates high SNR and effective imaging of simulated lesions.
    • This technology holds potential for advancing non-invasive prostate cancer detection.