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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

An Ex vivo Mast Cell Degranulation Assay using Crude Peritoneal Exudate Cells and Natural Antigen Stimulation
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PGE2 deficiency predisposes to anaphylaxis by causing mast cell hyperresponsiveness.

Shruti Rastogi1, Diana Maria Willmes1, Maria Nassiri1

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|May 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels are linked to anaphylaxis susceptibility. Stabilizing PGE2 levels protects against anaphylactic reactions, suggesting a key role for PGE2 in immune response regulation.

Keywords:
15-PGDH inhibitorAnaphylaxisEP receptorsERKPLCγdegranulationmast cellsprostaglandin E(2)

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Prostaglandin Biology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • Reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels are associated with aspirin-induced hypersensitivity and COX inhibitor-related anaphylaxis.
  • The independent role of PGE2 system alterations in anaphylaxis remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that relative PGE2 deficiency predisposes individuals to anaphylaxis.
  • To explore the protective mechanisms of PGE2 in anaphylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed serum PGE2 levels in patients with anaphylaxis and healthy controls, correlating with severity.
  • Utilized a murine model of passive systemic anaphylaxis with PGE2 stabilization strategies.
  • Investigated mast cell activation and signaling pathways (FcεRI, EP2/EP4 receptors) in vitro.

Main Results:

  • Patients with anaphylaxis exhibited significantly lower PGE2 levels compared to controls; PGE2 levels inversely correlated with anaphylaxis severity.
  • PGE2 stabilization protected mice against anaphylaxis, and exogenous PGE2 attenuated mast cell activation.
  • PGE2 modulated mast cell degranulation by interfering with key signaling molecules like phospholipase C gamma-1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Conclusions:

  • Homeostatic PGE2 levels are crucial for attenuating mast cell activation and protecting against anaphylaxis.
  • Relative PGE2 deficiency increases susceptibility to anaphylaxis in both humans and mice.
  • PGE2 stabilization represents a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing anaphylactic reactions.